Of the studies that have been conducted, a sizable variety in families of invertebrates have been represented in the research. This research is essential, especially considering that invertebrates make up 75% of marine species, and thus compose a large percentage of ocean food webs.

In the past few years, scientists have shifted to conducting studies on invertebrates and their responses to anthropogenic sounds in the marine environment. Up until recently, most research on noise impacts has been focused on marine mammals, and to a lesser degree, fish.

A substantial amount of the noise that humans produce occurs in the ocean. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. Research suggests that noise pollution in the United States is the highest in low-income and racial minority neighborhoods, and noise pollution associated with household electricity generators is an emerging environmental degradation in many developing nations. Today, the average noise level of 98 decibels (dB) exceeds the WHO value of 50 dB allowed for residential areas. Some of the main sources of noise in residential areas include loud music, transportation (traffic, rail, airplanes, etc.), lawn care maintenance, construction, electrical generators, wind turbines, explosions, and people.ĭocumented problems associated with noise in urban environments go back as far as ancient Rome. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise disintegration or pollution, side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential areas. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems. Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them are harmful to a degree. Traffic is the main source of noise pollution in cities (like São Paulo, shown here).

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